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Heat is the enemy of power production for Eaton M90 Supercharged V6 Engine. The Laws of Physics convey compressing air increases its temperature. An increase in intake temperature for Supercharged V6 engines is detrimental to performance. Conversely, cooling down the intake temperature increases power and performance. Intercoolers are used to cool the compressed air being ingested into the cylinders. There are a variety of intercoolers available. We use Air-to-Air design which is the most extreme method of cooling charge air. The M90 produces A LOT of heat, over 200*C is regularily recorded. An A2A Intercooler System with a Front Mounted Core uses outside air temperature to cool the compressed air inside by dissipating the heat through its network of fins and vanes can cool this air down by 170*C making intake manifold air temperature 31*C and Gaining 50-70kW !!. You may remember from science class, "Hot Air Expands" and "Cool Air Contracts". Resultantly as the Hot Air passes through the intercooler and subsequently cools, it also contracts, providing a good quality dense air charge for the engine to make increased power from. As mentioned prior, the temperature of the M90 Supercharged V6 can reach temperatures in excess of 200°C, that's hot enough to fry bacon. Why is this charge air temperature so hot ? The Positive Displacement Eaton M90 is very inefficient with regards to thermal dynamics and adiabatic efficiency. This is why it is so important to get an Intercooler with a extreme capacity to cool down the 200*C air charge. Cooling the charge air makes it denser and less volatile when combined with fuel in the cylinder resulting in a reduced tendency for detonation. It is here where one of the critical determinants of power production comes into play. Ignition Timing Advance/Retard in forced induction applications is a major factor of power production. After intercooling, the engine is less susceptible to detonation, and timing can be increased dramatically to improve power and torque production. Summary: Extreme charge air temperatures of well over 200*C are produced by the Eaton M90. These high temperatures lower the amount of boost that can be utilised due to aggrivating detonation. This becomes a vicious cycle that gets worse as more power is made. Even with modern computer controls, it is just not possible to make survivable high horsepower without a good intercooler. An intercooled engine is a much "happier" engine, with less resultant heat stress, fatigue, improved engine efficiency, reliability and consistency of bulk power production. Running no intercooler at all is not a real option if you are wanting to make serious horsepower.
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